Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and "religious accommodation" policies regarding the wear of "religious apparel" and "grooming" (such as "unshorn" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms. Additionally, military chaplains themselves are sometimes regarded as "symbols of faith" for military personnel who face challenges to their faith and values.
Although the Latin cross has long been the symbol for the majority of United States military chaplains, this first official chaplain insignia was the "shepherd's crook" (staff). Authorized in General Order Number 10, and remaining in force for the period February 13, 1880-May 5, 1888, it was described as "embroidered frosted silver bullion in center of black velvet shoulder straps, and was considered appropriate for both the frock coat or undress uniform." The plain "Latin cross" (silver on dark-blue shoulder straps) became the authorized chaplain insignia in 1898, replacing the shepherd's crook. Today, despite the fact that the shepherd's crook is no longer used as an insignia for individual chaplains, it is included in the design of the Chaplain Corps regimental insignia in honor of its place in Army Chaplain Corps history.
Jewish chaplains were first authorized to serve during the Civil War, but it was during World War I that the issue of insignia reached the Army, when Congressman Isaac Siegel from New York petitioned the Army that rabbis serving in uniform be permitted to wear "some other insignia in place of the cross."
Within two weeks of receiving this request, the Army issued a directive stating that "Objections having been made to Jewish Chaplains wearing the prescribed insignia, you are authorized by the Secretary of War to omit the prescribed insignia" (the cross).
However, after battlefront reports indicated that difficulties arose from the fact that Jewish chaplains wore no insignia, the Army began to look into various proposals, including a continuation of the practice of having Jewish chaplains wear no insignia, to the creation of a separate insignia for them, to a return to the shepherd's crook as a shared symbol for all chaplains. General Henry Jerver, acting Assistant Chief of Staff for the Army favored the third alternative,and within weeks of his decision this became the official policy for the Army. However, many Christian chaplains opposed this change of policy, and in August 1918 General Pershing cabled the War Department to inform it of this opposition. Not all Christian chaplains opposed the idea of a universal symbol, and some went on record agreeing with the statement of one chaplain that "I am a chaplain of the Christian faith, but I welcome the change. The shepherd's crook is symbolic of the chaplain's work."
Returning to a consideration of the three options of no insignia for Jewish chaplains, a shared insignia, or a separate insignia, the Army opted for a separate Jewish Chaplain insignia that included an image of the two tablets of the Ten Commandments, using Roman numerals to indicate the commandments, with a small six-pointed Jewish star on top of the tablets. Other symbols considered included a six-pointed star (hexagram), which was rejected by the Army because it could too easily be confused with the 5-pointed star worn by generals; a seven-branched candelabra (Menorah); and two "Lions of Judah" supporting the six-pointed star.
This symbol would remain the insignia for Jewish Chaplains until 1981, when the Navy changed to insignia to include the first ten letters of the Hebrew alphabet to replace the Roman numerals, and both the Army and Air Force followed suit. While the official change to Hebrew letters became official November 9, 1981 Jewish chaplains were not required to make the uniform change until January 1, 1983. Insignia decisions for chaplains representing faith groups other than Christianity and Judaism have not been made unilaterally by the Army, but instead have been joint decisions for all military chaplains. The Continental Navy, predecessor of the United States Navy, was approved by the United States Congress on October 13, 1775, with Navy Regulations (adopted November 28, 1775) that included as its second article: "The Commanders of the ships of the thirteen United Colonies are to take care that divine service be performed twice a day on board, and a sermon preached on Sundays, unless bad weather or other extraordinary accidents prevent." But, while the need for Navy chaplains was recognized from the beginning, attitudes and policies toward Navy uniforms or insignia for its chaplains went through many changes before final decisions were made. 1847 Navy regulations did authorize chaplains to wear a blue uniform with black collar and cuffs with no insignia, and later, in 1864, chaplains were provided the same uniform as other staff officers, with the use of a silver cross as a corps device.
Source URL: https://katyparryblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/dog-tags-tattoo-on-foot.html?m=0Although the Latin cross has long been the symbol for the majority of United States military chaplains, this first official chaplain insignia was the "shepherd's crook" (staff). Authorized in General Order Number 10, and remaining in force for the period February 13, 1880-May 5, 1888, it was described as "embroidered frosted silver bullion in center of black velvet shoulder straps, and was considered appropriate for both the frock coat or undress uniform." The plain "Latin cross" (silver on dark-blue shoulder straps) became the authorized chaplain insignia in 1898, replacing the shepherd's crook. Today, despite the fact that the shepherd's crook is no longer used as an insignia for individual chaplains, it is included in the design of the Chaplain Corps regimental insignia in honor of its place in Army Chaplain Corps history.
Jewish chaplains were first authorized to serve during the Civil War, but it was during World War I that the issue of insignia reached the Army, when Congressman Isaac Siegel from New York petitioned the Army that rabbis serving in uniform be permitted to wear "some other insignia in place of the cross."
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Returning to a consideration of the three options of no insignia for Jewish chaplains, a shared insignia, or a separate insignia, the Army opted for a separate Jewish Chaplain insignia that included an image of the two tablets of the Ten Commandments, using Roman numerals to indicate the commandments, with a small six-pointed Jewish star on top of the tablets. Other symbols considered included a six-pointed star (hexagram), which was rejected by the Army because it could too easily be confused with the 5-pointed star worn by generals; a seven-branched candelabra (Menorah); and two "Lions of Judah" supporting the six-pointed star.
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